Petroleum requires testing for a series of physical and chemical properties during trade to ensure its quality, safety, and suitability.

 Physical Property Testing

1. Density: Reflects the overall molecular structure and composition characteristics of crude oil, influencing storage stability and compatibility when blended with other substances.

2. Viscosity: Determines the fluidity of petroleum products, affecting critical engineering parameters such as pipeline transportation efficiency and atomization performance.

3. Flash Point: A vital indicator measuring vapor explosion risks, directly relating to the maximum safe operating limits for transportation and storage.

4. Pour Point / Freezing Point: Indicates the lower temperature limit at which petroleum maintains flowability under low-temperature conditions, crucial for cold-region transport and usage.

5. Cloud Point: Closely related to pour point but emphasizes dynamic fluidity performance, used to predict handling difficulties at low temperatures.

6. Distillation Composition: Obtains proportions of fractions at different boiling ranges through fractional distillation experiments, guiding refining process optimization and product grading.

7. Heating Value: Energy output efficiency per unit mass of fuel, impacting energy pricing systems and economic feasibility in industrial applications.

8. Fluorescence Reaction: Luminescent characteristics under ultraviolet light excitation can assist in identifying crude oil types and impurities.

9. Solubility: Represents the compatibility of petroleum with organic solvents, indirectly reflecting its purity and suitability for subsequent processing.

 Chemical Property Testing

1. Sulfur Content: A key environmental indicator; high sulfur content leads to acid rain formation and equipment corrosion, strictly limited in international trade.

2. Nitrogen Content: Affects the stability of refined oils and the toxicity of emissions, requiring close monitoring during refining processes.

3. Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content: Relates to octane rating and combustion efficiency, while certain aromatics are carcinogenic, necessitating a balance between performance and safety.

4. Metal Content: Heavy metals catalyze cracking reactions, generating carbon deposits that damage engine components, thus requiring strict control.

5. Wax Content: High wax content increases the risk of blockages at low temperatures, requiring comprehensive evaluation alongside pour point data to determine storage and transport conditions.

6. Oxygen Content: Influences oxidative stability of oil products, indirectly reflecting the degree of refinement.

7. Saturated Hydrocarbon Content: Determines the stability and viscosity-temperature characteristics of base oils, serving as a core quality metric for lubricants..

In summary, these testing items collectively form the technical barriers and quality control system for petroleum trading, ensuring the reliability and economic value of crude oil and its derivatives across various application scenarios. Specific testing standards may vary based on regional regulations, buyer-seller agreements, and intended uses.

Innova provide instruments for the detection of oil related characteristics, you can test oil pour point, freezing point, cloud point, flash point, cold filter point, viscosity, distillation range, , spontaneous combustion point, moisture, density, pH, particle pollutants ,etc.